Multiple Choice
Identify the
letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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A budget is
a plan for a. | helping needy
people. | c. | paying
politicians. | b. | protecting citizens. | d. | collecting and spending money. | | | | |
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2.
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The ____
defines a U.S. citizen as anyone “born or naturalized in the United
States.” a. | Fourteenth
Amendment | c. | Sixteenth
Amendment | b. | Fifteenth Amendment | d. | Seventeenth Amendment | | | | |
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3.
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E
pluribus unum is Latin for a. | “One nation, under God.” | c. | “In God we trust.” | b. | “One nation to
rule them all.” | d. | “Out of many,
one.” | | | | |
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4.
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When English
judges were asked to try a case, they would look for a a. | common
law. | c. | precedent. | b. | charter. | d. | compact. | | | | |
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5.
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Like the
English Parliament, the new state legislatures were a. | bicameral. | c. | wealthy. | b. | unbalanced. | d. | powerless. | | | | |
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6.
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The middle
part of the ____ states the six purposes of the government. a. | Preamble | c. | amendments | b. | articles | d. | Bill of Rights | | | | |
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7.
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The powers
and duties of the ____ include dealing with the leaders of other countries. a. | legislative
branch | c. | industrial
branch | b. | judicial branch | d. | executive branch | | | | |
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8.
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What part of
the Constitution deals with how the legislative branch will work? a. | Preamble | c. | Article
I | b. | the First
Amendment | d. | Bill of
Rights | | | | |
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9.
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The first 10
amendments to the Constitution are known as the a. | Great Compromise. | c. | Bill of Rights. | b. | Constitutional
Convention. | d. | Articles of
Confederation. | | | | |
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10.
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What keeps
one branch of government from becoming too powerful? a. | rule of
law | c. | supremacy of the
Constitution | b. | separate but equal | d. | checks and balances | | | | |
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11.
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A ____ is a
court order allowing police to search a suspect’s home or business and take specific items as
evidence. a. | indictment | c. | subpoena | b. | grand jury | d. | search warrant | | | | |
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12.
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____ means
that a person judged not guilty cannot be put on trial again for the same crime. a. | Due
process | c. | Double
jeopardy | b. | Suffrage | d. | Censorship | | | | |
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13.
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Which
amendment states that an accused person is entitled to have a lawyer? a. | Fourth | c. | Sixth | b. | Fifth | d. | Eighth | | | | |
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14.
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When the
Second Amendment was written, a ____ was a small, local army made up of volunteer
soldiers. a. | militia | c. | grand
jury | b. | police
force | d. | posse | | | | |
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15.
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Many
Southern states practiced ____, or the social separation of the races. a. | segregation | c. | integration | b. | discrimination | d. | racial profiling | | | | |
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16.
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What
encouraged the hiring and promoting of minorities and women in fields that were traditionally closed
to them? a. | civil
liberties | c. | Civil Rights
Act | b. | affirmative
action | d. | Equal Pay
Act | | | | |
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17.
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Unfair
treatment based on prejudice against a certain group is called what? a. | affirmative
action | c. | segregation | b. | racial profiling | d. | discrimination | | | | |
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18.
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The right to
____ means the right to express one’s ideas to the government. a. | petition | c. | eminent
domain | b. | slander | d. | libel | | | | |
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19.
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What is
needed before a citizen can be put on trial for a serious federal crime? a. | eminent
domain | c. | an
indictment | b. | double jeopardy | d. | bail | | | | |
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20.
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The
Twenty-fourth Amendment prevents Southern states from using ____ to keep African Americans from
voting. a. | state
laws | c. | poll
taxes | b. | threats | d. | racial profiling | | | | |
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21.
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____
believed in nonviolent resistance, or the peaceful protests of unfair laws. a. | The
NAACP | c. | President Harry
Truman | b. | The Urban League | d. | Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., | | | | |
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22.
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The ____
Amendment protected the right of women to vote in all national and state elections. a. | Fifteenth | c. | Nineteenth | b. | Fourth | d. | Twenty-third | | | | |
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23.
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What is
legally required of every adult citizen? a. | community service | c. | military service | b. | obey the
laws | d. | voting | | | | |
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24.
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How do
Americans give their consent to the government? a. | obeying laws | c. | volunteerism | b. | jury
duty | d. | voting | | | | |
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25.
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A
citizen’s most important duty is to obey the a. | law. | c. | church. | b. | president. | d. | principal. | | | | |
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26.
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Without
____, the government could not pay its employees or maintain an army. a. | laws | c. | renewable
resources | b. | taxes | d. | legal power | | | | |
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27.
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What is the
practice of offering time and services to others without payment? a. | bureaucracy | c. | volunteerism | b. | impressment | d. | draft work | | | | |
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28.
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The most
powerful member of the House of Representatives is the a. | majority
leader. | c. | majority
whip. | b. | President of the House. | d. | Speaker of the House. | | | | |
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29.
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What is the
tactic of delaying a vote until a bill’s sponsor withdraws the measure? a. | cloture | c. | filibustering | b. | gabling | d. | voice voting | | | | |
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30.
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The ____ is
a population count taken every 10 years. a. | constituent | c. | habeas corpus | b. | census | d. | cloture | | | | |
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31.
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Who is the
person who usually acts as chairperson of the Senate? a. | majority
whip | c. | majority
leader | b. | president pro tempore | d. | filibuster | | | | |
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32.
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What is
another name for Clause 18, the “necessary and proper” clause? a. | bill of
attainder | c. | elastic
clause | b. | filibuster | d. | writ of habeas corpus | | | | |
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33.
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What is the
indirect method we use to elect the president? a. | Executive College | c. | Electoral College | b. | executive
agreement | d. | electoral
agreement | | | | |
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34.
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Who follows
the vice president in succession to the presidency? a. | Speaker of the
House | c. | attorney
general | b. | secretary of state | d. | secretary of defense | | | | |
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35.
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What is the
basic goal of American foreign policy? a. | national security | c. | trade sanctions | b. | treaty
negotiation | d. | embargo
resolution | | | | |
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36.
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A state has
as many ____ as the total of its U.S. senators and representatives. a. | spoils | c. | points | b. | electoral votes | d. | ballots | | | | |
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37.
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The
president may grant ____ to pardon a group of people. a. | sanctions | c. | executive
agreements | b. | treaties | d. | amnesty | | | | |
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38.
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____ is a
formal agreement between two or more countries. a. | An executive agreement | c. | An embargo | b. | A treaty | d. | An accord | | | | |
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39.
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____
jurisdiction refers to the fact that only federal courts can hear and decide federal
cases. a. | Executive | c. | Supreme | b. | Mandatory | d. | Exclusive | | | | |
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40.
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District
courts have ____ jurisdiction, or the authority to hear federal cases first. a. | mandatory | c. | executive | b. | original | d. | exclusive | | | | |
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41.
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What
jurisdiction allows a court to hear appeals from a lower court? a. | concurrent | c. | appellate | b. | incremental | d. | exclusive | | | | |
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42.
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Federal
courts have exclusive jurisdiction over cases involving ____ law. a. | criminal | c. | military | b. | maritime | d. | state | | | | |
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43.
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A ____ party
is an association of voters with broad common interests who want to elect candidates that share those
interests. a. | third | c. | political | b. | Populist | d. | social | | | | |
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44.
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A ____ is a
series of statements expressing a party’s principles, beliefs, and positions on election
issues. a. | platform | c. | plank | b. | caucus | d. | ward | | | | |
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45.
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The ____ is
a way that citizens can propose new laws or state constitutional amendments. a. | mandate | c. | electorate | b. | referendum | d. | initiative | | | | |
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46.
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What
provides a way for citizens to approve or reject state or local laws? a. | referendum | c. | mandate | b. | proposition | d. | initiative | | | | |
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47.
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Elections
are a two-part process involving primary races and a. | the
campaign. | c. | the
nomination. | b. | the general election. | d. | the campaign financing. | | | | |
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48.
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A
well-constructed poll question should be a. | unbiased. | c. | stable. | b. | manipulated. | d. | biased. | | | | |
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49.
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The idea of
the ____ appeal is to make people think a candidate is just like them. a. | bandwagon | c. | endorsement | b. | plain-folks | d. | aw-shucks | | | | |
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50.
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By their
very nature, interest groups are a. | impartial. | c. | biased. | b. | uninformed. | d. | inflammatory. | | | | |
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51.
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____ are
disagreements over non-criminal matters. a. | Statutes | c. | Felonies | b. | Civil disputes | d. | Misdemeanors | | | | |
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52.
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Police may
obtain a search warrant if they can prove they have a. | double
jeopardy. | c. | stare
decisis. | b. | habeas corpus. | d. | probable cause. | | | | |
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53.
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What is the
term for the party being sued? a. | defendant | c. | plaintiff | b. | victim | d. | accuser | | | | |
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54.
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Food,
clothing, and shelter are examples of a. | wants. | c. | needs. | b. | trade-offs. | d. | incentives. | | | | |
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55.
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What occurs
when we lack the resources to produce the things we want? a. | wants | c. | marginal
benefit | b. | scarcity | d. | free enterprise | | | | |
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56.
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The ____
cost is what you cannot buy or do when choosing to do one thing rather than another. a. | incentive | c. | rational | b. | marginal | d. | opportunity | | | | |
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57.
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A ____
requires you to compare the marginal costs and the marginal benefits of a decision. a. | trade-off | c. | free
enterprise | b. | cost-benefit analysis | d. | rational choice | | | | |
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58.
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In a ____
system, private citizens own most, if not all, of the means of production. a. | market | c. | federalized | b. | capitalist | d. | socialist | | | | |
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59.
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____ are
rewards offered to try to get people to take certain economic actions. a. | Profits | c. | Incentives | b. | Marginal benefits | d. | Trade-offs | | | | |
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60.
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What is the
study of how we make decisions in a world where resources are limited? a. | capitalism | c. | economic
model | b. | economics | d. | cost-benefit analysis | | | | |
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61.
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When one
thing is exchanged for the use of another, it is called a a. | trade-off. | c. | free
exchange. | b. | opportunity cost. | d. | marginal cost. | | | | |
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62.
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A ____
system allows businesses to compete for profit with a minimum of government
interference. a. | free
enterprise | c. | free
exchange | b. | privatized | d. | socialist | | | | |
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63.
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What are the
tools, machinery, and buildings used to make other products? a. | entrepreneurs | c. | resources | b. | labor | d. | capital | | | | |
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64.
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One way to
measure the economy’s size is the Gross ____ Product. a. | Domestic | c. | Resource | b. | Consumer | d. | Capital | | | | |
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65.
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____ markets
are where productive resources are bought and sold. a. | Foreign | c. | Consumer | b. | Factor | d. | Product | | | | |
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66.
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What is the
payment people receive when they lend money or allow someone else to use their
money? a. | warranty | c. | interest | b. | income | d. | savings | | | | |
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67.
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____ income
is the money that is left over after paying for the necessities. a. | Disposable | c. | Discretionary | b. | Savings | d. | Interest | | | | |
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68.
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Who are the
people who start new businesses and introduce new products? a. | inventors | c. | laborers | b. | capitalists | d. | entrepreneurs | | | | |
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69.
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Which term
refers to the role of the consumer as ruler of the market? a. | consumer
sovereignty | c. | market
determination | b. | competition | d. | free enterprise | | | | |
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70.
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____ is the
money a business receives for its products or services over and above its costs. a. | Supply | c. | Price | b. | Profit | d. | Market supply | | | | |
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71.
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The ____ is
the point at which there is neither a surplus nor a shortage. a. | subsidy | c. | market
supply | b. | price control | d. | equilibrium price | | | | |
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72.
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Sole
proprietors have ____, meaning they are financially responsible for all problems related to their
businesses. a. | financial
capital | c. | stock | b. | unlimited liability | d. | limited liability | | | | |
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73.
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Who are the
owners of a corporation? a. | chief executive officers | c. | charter members | b. | board of
directors | d. | stockholders | | | | |
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74.
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Some workers
join ____ in order to have a better chance to obtain higher pay and better working
conditions. a. | closed
shops | c. | collective
bargaining | b. | labor unions | d. | strikes | | | | |
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75.
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According to
the ____ principle, no one is excluded from consuming the benefits of a public good whether or not he
or she pays. a. | public
goods | c. | consumption | b. | exclusion | d. | nonexclusion | | | | |
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76.
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____ laws
are designed to control monopoly power and to preserve and promote competition. a. | Externality | c. | Natural
monopoly | b. | Antitrust | d. | Merger | | | | |
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77.
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The ____
shows an economy’s production after the distortions of price increases have been
removed. a. | real
GDP | c. | peak | b. | business cycle | d. | consumer price index | | | | |
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78.
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An economic
____ occurs when real GDP goes up. a. | recession | c. | expansion | b. | peak | d. | business cycle | | | | |
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79.
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What is a
sustained increase in the general level of prices? a. | inflation | c. | expansion | b. | recession | d. | consumer price index | | | | |
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80.
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____ goods
are goods that when consumed by one individual, cannot be consumed by another. a. | Exclusive | c. | Nonexclusive | b. | Public | d. | Private | | | | |
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81.
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The
alternating periods of economic growth and decline make up a. | a
recession. | c. | an
expansion. | b. | a peak. | d. | the business cycle. | | | | |
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82.
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The major
policy-making group within the Fed is the a. | FDIC. | c. | Federal Advisory Committee. | b. | Board of
Governors. | d. | FOMC. | | | | |
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83.
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The Federal
Reserve System is our nation’s a. | charter bank. | c. | FOMC. | b. | commercial bank. | d. | central bank. | | | | |
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84.
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____
operations refers to the buying and selling of government securities by a central bank in order to
control the money supply. a. | Open market | c. | Monetary policy | b. | Reserve | d. | Discount | | | | |
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85.
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Which term
describes the percentage of deposits that banks have to set aside either in their vaults or in their
Federal Reserve district bank? a. | futures | c. | reserve | b. | cache | d. | certificate of deposit | | | | |
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86.
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Which
government program provides money to people who are retired or disabled? a. | Social
Security | c. | Medicare | b. | Medicaid | d. | Income Security | | | | |
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87.
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What is the
tax that people pay on the land and houses that they own? a. | property
tax | c. | estate
tax | b. | income
tax | d. | sales
tax | | | | |
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88.
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What occurs
when the government spends more than it collects in revenue? a. | a
surplus | c. | a
deficit | b. | an entitlement | d. | a tax hike | | | | |
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89.
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What
combines basic elements of a pure market economy and a command economy? a. | command
economy | c. | mixed
economy | b. | traditional economy | d. | market economy | | | | |
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90.
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What is the
belief in a classless, ungoverned society in which property would all be held in
common? a. | socialism | c. | communism | b. | capitalism | d. | fascism | | | | |
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